We report a method for estimating people’s achievement based on their fame. […] This allows us to estimate achievement for professions where an unquestionable and universally accepted measure of achievement does not exist. We apply the method to Nobel Prize winners in Physics. For example, we obtain that Paul Dirac, who is hundred times less famous than Einstein contributed to physics only two times less. We compare our results with Landau’s ranking.
M.V. Simkin, V.P. Roychowdhury: ‘Estimating achievement from fame’ (via arXiv)